GPs and Irish Primary Care System

Question: Examine about the GPs and Irish Primary Care System. Answer: Presentation A calling is a paid occupation that one picks and gets prepared to accomplish the capabilities required. Experts are in this manner expected to have abilities and show capability in their calling. All callings are additionally guided by a code of ethic which all experts must watch. This implies experts are relied upon to carry on with a particular goal in mind while going to customers at the working environment. Nursing as a calling has its remarkable capabilities and morals that one must achieve and see to be prequalified. As indicated by Gokenbach (2012), the nursing calling is guided by certain interesting qualities that are normal to all medical attendants on the planet. Medical caretakers are relied upon to be dependable, fair, and open to getting the hang of, esteeming human respect and wanting to forestall languishing. As per Aiken and Scot (2014), nursing job in the intense consideration area decides understanding results, for example, quiet mortality, manifestation the board, and prescription administration. Nursing is the biggest expert gathering in human services, and it is significant in giving quality medicinal services in Ireland. As per Hovenga E et al. (2010), the general public tries to have current social insurance executed, and in Ireland, nursing proficient ought to guarantee that best nursing rehearses are set up. The nursing calling takes part in two jobs that are thinking about people either as an individual expert or in a gathering of an organized multi-disciplinary group. The rising eHealth models are buyer put together which center with respect to shopper decision, autonomy, and strengthening which are being actualized in the Irish arrangement and plans (Department of Health and Children eHealth Strategy for Ireland, 2014) Medicinal services arrangements in Ireland In Ireland, the main archived national technique for better wellbeing administrations was named Shaping a Healthier Future in 1994 and the subsequent record was Quality and decency a wellbeing framework for you in 2001. These two archives contained techniques that would improve wellbeing administrations in Ireland which center around strategies for elderly folks individuals just as approaches on womens wellbeing. The Irish sound strategy has experienced different changes. During the 1980s the solid arrangement in Ireland concentrated on counteraction, wellbeing advancement, and self-duty. The administration was likewise looking for systems that would prompt decreased institutional and clinic based consideration. This strategy prompted a lessening in the quantity of individuals getting emergency clinic affirmations and furthermore the time that a large portion of the patients spent in the medical clinics diminished significantly. This arrangement brought about the conclusion of a few medical clinics. The Irish human services strategy is affected by worldwide approaches. For example, Health 2020 is an approach that diagrams the structure for WHO in the Europe. The principle target of the approach is to guarantee supportable, great wellbeing administrations which guarantee uniformity, the prosperity of the individuals and individuals focused administrations which are accessible to everybody over all countries (WHO 2012) In Ireland, the legislature through the wellbeing division have instituted numerous medicinal services arrangements with the point of improving the social insurance area in the nation. There have been two significant hierarchical changes in the wellbeing segment of Ireland. The first happened in 1970 wellbeing administrations put under the Department of Health which had eight territorial wellbeing sheets, already the neighborhood wellbeing authority framework was accountable for wellbeing administrations. All provincial wellbeing board comprised of nearby authority councilors, senior clinical calling delegates, and nominees of the Minister. These sheets held gatherings every month. The subsequent change occurred in 2003 which was impacted by the distribution of the Prospectus report. The report planned for uniting the wellbeing administrations, to make them proficient and furthermore to amend the holes in the past wellbeing administration framework. The report had proposed four changes in the wellbeing administration part which are as per the following; The report proposed the abolishment of the wellbeing sheets and shaped a solitary National Health Service association that is, the Health Service Executive. The report likewise proposed that the obligation of executing strategy, directing and figuring out how to be given to the Health Service Executive while the Department of Health and Children (already Department of Health) would accept the accountability for settling on the arrangements made. The report suggested that the 43 semi-state wellbeing organizations ought to be canceled and carry them into the wellbeing office. At last, the report recommended that the nearby wellbeing frameworks ought to be disintegrated and give the pastor of wellbeing the duty to administer wellbeing administrations through the Dial. The proposed framework abrogated the decentralized wellbeing administration framework and brought a national increasingly bound together wellbeing framework in the nation. The Heath Service Executive assumed control over the wellbeing administration division in 2005 after the endorsement of Oireachtas of Health Act 2004. Be that as it may, not all proposition the Prospectus Report have been set up, however there are surprising endeavors towards the usage of the report. As indicated by Markham and Carney (2008), Ireland has encountered a number wellbeing approaches being created throughout the years. The improvements have been concentrating on essential consideration which targets giving better wellbeing administrations to people in general According to European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (2009), in the ongoing occasions Irelands heath care strategy concentrates more on essential wellbeing segment as opposed to on optional or intense segment. The move to essential social insurance division planned for guaranteeing that the wellbeing administrations showed restraint focused and this would realize better medicinal services later on. This move would likewise guarantee that the patients get quality social insurance administrations at a lower cost. By moving to essential wellbeing division everybody including the residents, wellbeing laborers, and the whole wellbeing framework since this move ensured better and quality medicinal services since vital foundation would be created and sufficient assets would be given. As indicated by Roinn Slainte Department of Health (2014), takes note of that essential consideration gives a stage where numerous social insurance needs can be tended to at the correct second and a positive expense. In Ireland, the essential human services administrations brag some positive viewpoints that make it powerful, for example, great expert preparing and competency norms. Nonetheless, Irish essential consideration has not yet evolved to fulfill the developing need of the wellbeing administrations in the nation. Difficulties are confronting the usage of essential medicinal services, yet eminent, positive advancement can be noted. Essential consideration administrations is the key part that will guarantee that productive human services administrations become open to all individuals As indicated by Health Service Executive (2013), the essential areas are composed into Primary Care Teams (PCTs) which includes experts from various fields of network wellbeing from everywhere throughout the nation. Every PCT would be contained five medical caretakers that are, propelled nursing experts, birthing assistants, clinical attendants, psychological well-being medical caretakers, practice medical caretaker and general medical caretakers. The medical attendants would likewise cooperate with different experts offering social types of assistance, for example, social laborers and analyst. Administrative and authoritative help would likewise be accommodated each PCT. As indicated by an administration report, one PCT would serve around 3,000 to 7,000 individuals and along these lines for PCTs to be powerful it was assessed that roughly 600 to 1000 groups would be required to serve the entire populace effectively. Essential medicinal services was generally acknowledged by the resi dents and furthermore by the attendants. As indicated by Department of Health and Children (2001), the usage of the essential wellbeing segment would require an expected expense of 2 billion from 2001 to 2011. In any case, this was stopped by the worldwide monetary emergency which prompted a financial downturn in Ireland, and because of this explanation, the program has not been completely executed. Oireachtas (2014) noticed that it was normal that by 2011 400-600 PCTs would have been built up however just 426 had set up toward the finish of 2012. Along these lines the medicinal services segment is still in the auxiliary area. Division of Taoiseach (2011) states that in 2011, new changes in the wellbeing part were being proposed which would accomplish comparative objectives to the past changes in 2001. They planned for guaranteeing that quality human services was effectively open at a lower cost. Notwithstanding the past wellbeing administration changes, the new changes additionally centered around clinical administration in human services conveyance (National Directors of Public Health Nursing and Shannon (2014). In 2013 the Government of Ireland built up another arrangement entitled Healthy Ireland which will control the wellbeing part from 2013-2025. The strategy in a system that will help with accomplishing better human services administration which will cook for the wellbeing needs of the entire populace of Ireland. The approach traces the vision and the objectives that the wellbeing division needs to accomplish inside that period, and it gives a guided game-plan that will be followed in the execution of the strategy. As per Department of Health (2013, pp6-7), the strategy perceived the commitment of medical attendants toward the accomplishment of the wellbeing arrangements and the significant job that human services segment plays in the lives of the individuals in the network. Guaranteeing that an enormous populace is solid in the nation. Guaranteeing that there is balance in the social insurance framework. Giving assurance to the general population against wellbeing dangers. Making a domain which permits cooperation of each person in guaranteeing the nation is sound chiefly. The fulfillment of the four objectives of the strategy depends on the jobs played by network medical caretakers. As indicated by WHO (2015), Nurses and birthing specialists are impo

U.S. Economy in the 19th Century Free Essays

Diminish Hart History 1:00-1:50 U. S. Economy in the nineteenth Century The Industrial Revolution originally occurred in Britain where it spread like out of control fire. We will compose a custom paper test on U.S. Economy in the nineteenth Century or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now In the long run it advanced toward America in the late 1800’s to the nineteenth century where it would in the end change America in each angle. The American Revolution started as a result of a solitary British man named Samuel Slater who brought over assembling innovations. The production of the cotton gin by Slater would before long be the start of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought numerous new thoughts and innovations that made the economy blast. The North would be the first to begin the Industrial Revolution while the South remained consistent with their old ways; agribusiness. The impacts of the Industrial Revolution put a strain on both the South and the North. On the entirety of this, numerous progressions were being made in this timeframe, for example, transportation, assembling, and correspondences. These progressions changed the every day lives of Americans as much as it did as whatever other recorded occasion that has occurred ever. Due to this significant occasion, numerous impacts were being occurred; Unions, working conditions and work itself were represented the adjustments in the nineteenth century. The North begun as a business industry where exchanging and selling was a major piece of American life. Before the Industrial Revolution hit America, individuals made the entirety of their merchandise/items in their homes. Processing plants weren’t that noticeable in the North until the Industrial Revolution dropped by. Mechanical progressions were mysteriously absent in light of the fact that they were accustomed to making everything at home by hand. The South was more distant behind in advancements than the North itself. They were carefully horticultural and cultivating. In due time however, a man named Samuel Slater brought over new assembling innovations from Britain to the United States where it would begin the Industrial Revolution. From that point, a lot more developments were made, for example, the steamer by Robert Fulton which denoted the start in mechanical advancements. This creation would make transportation of products and ventures snappier and all the more successfully. Another innovation during this timeframe was the message. The message was reated by Samuel Morse. This development was made in 1837 which permitted America to send messages to worldwide nations all around the globe. The new developments being made in America would lead America toward a path of flourishing and a prevailing power underway and simultaneously horticultural ways. America would inevitably rise as the focal point of industry and agrarian in the late nineteenth century. As an impact of the Industrial upheaval, populace significantly increased, cultivating multiplied in the measure of work because of mechanical creations, for example, the steel furrow by John Deere. This development permitted ranchers to furrow fields quicker and furrow more fields without changing the iron furrow each time they remove the ground. Because of this development, more specialists were expected to gather the yields when the opportunity arrived. Luckily, a specific development was made that helped the reaping procedure go snappier and all the more productively. This creation was known as the gatherer which was made in 1831 by Cyrus McCormick. Certain developments helped working creation go much quicker than it was before the Industrial Revolution begun. The U. S. Patent Office had a record of 276 innovations during the 1790’s, during the 1890’s a record of 235,000 creations were enlisted. From the start, the South was safe against this new age of developments and industrialized urban areas. At last, the South would fall under the better approaches for the North. From 1880 to 1900, the measure of cotton plants expanded drastically; 161 to 400 in under decade. As the requirement for laborers rose, so did the measure of cotton. The measure of cotton expanded by eightfold while the measure of laborers expanded by fivefold. These increments brought about the manifestations of new innovations. As creation expanded, so did the requirement for work. Be that as it may, as work expanded, so did changes in working conditions, work itself, and Unions were made in the interest of the entirety of the laborers. Despite the fact that these innovations succeeded America, working conditions in the industrial facilities that were delivering merchandise, for example, steel, cotton texture, and different products were awful and destructive for the laborers. The life of a nineteenth century American mechanical laborer was a long way from simple. Indeed, even in conventional occasions, compensation were low, hours were long, and working conditions dangerous. Little of the riches which the development of the country had delivered went to its laborers. The circumstance was more regrettable for ladies and kids, who made up a high level of the work power in certain enterprises and frequently got yet a small amount of the wages a man could gain. Occasional monetary emergencies cleared the country, further disintegrating modern wages and creating significant levels of joblessness. Simultaneously, the innovative enhancements, which added such a great amount to the nation’s efficiency, consistently diminished the interest for gifted work. However the untalented work pool was continually developing, as record quantities of outsiders, 18 million somewhere in the range of 1880 and 1910, entered the nation, searching for work. Prior to 1874, when Massachusetts passed the nation’s first enactment constraining the quantity of hours ladies and kids assembly line laborers could perform to 10 hours per day, there was actually no work enactment that existed in the nation. It was not until the 1930s that the government would turn out to be effectively included. Up to that point, it was left to the state and nearby specialists, not many of whom were as receptive to the laborers as they were to well off industrialists. The free enterprise private enterprise, which ruled the second 50% of the nineteenth century and encouraged colossal centralizations of riches and influence, was upheld by a legal executive which on numerous occasions controlled against the individuals who tested the framework. For millions, living and working conditions were poor, and the expectation of getting away from a lifetime of destitution was slight to none. As late as 1900, the United States had the most noteworthy activity related demise pace of any industrialized country on the planet. Most mechanical specialists despite everything worked a 10-hour day (12 hours in the steel business), yet earned from 20 to 40 percent not exactly the base regarded fundamental for an average life. The circumstance was just more regrettable for youngsters, whose numbers in the work power multiplied somewhere in the range of 1870 and 1900. On working in unforgiving conditions, laborers needed to confront low wages and extended periods that comprised of a 60 hour week load. These conditions were over the top and afterward in the long run prompted the framing of associations. The main significant exertion to sort out workers’ bunches on an across the country premise showed up with The Noble Order of the Knights of Labor in 1869. Initially a mystery, formal society composed by Philadelphia piece of clothing laborers, it was available to all specialists, including blacks, ladies and ranchers. The Knights developed gradually until they prevailing with regards to looking down the extraordinary railroad noble, Jay Gould, in a 1885 strike. Inside a year they added 500,000 laborers to their rolls. The Knights of Labor before long fell into decay, and their place in the work development was consistently taken by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Instead of open its enrollment to all, the AFL, under previous stogie association official Samuel Gompers, concentrated on gifted specialists. His goals were straight-forward and straightforward: increment compensation, decrease hours and improve working conditions. As such, Gompers helped dismiss the work development from the communist perspectives prior work pioneers had bolstered. Because of the capital not allowing their objectives, riots began to break out. A specific uproar known as the Great Rail Strike of 1877 was occurred due to 10 percent cut in compensation. This began a line of uproars that erupted all through the nation. At last, after numerous uproars and haggling with the managers at the manufacturing plants, conditions in industrial facilities were better and hours were diminished and compensation were expanded. Kid work laws were constrained upon everybody, while ladies were allowed to have equivalent chances and equivalent wages as men. These impacts of the Industrial Revolution assumed an imperative job in shaping what is currently known as America today. The Industrial Revolution drove America such that eternity transformed it. It was one of the most notable occasions to ever occur in American history. Because of new innovations and thoughts, America was driven into an Industrial Revolution. With the Industrial Revolution came more occupations and Unions to shield the individuals in the processing plants from cruel working conditions, extended periods, and little wages. . The most effective method to refer to U.S. Economy in the nineteenth Century, Essay models

The Magic LinkedIn® Formula

The Magic LinkedIn ® Formula My e-book, How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile, enumerates 18 “Mistakes to Avoid” as well as 7 “Bonus Tips.” That’s a total of 25 items that I think are important for every LinkedIn ® user to understand and implement (actually more than 25, since many of the chapters have subpoints as well). Nevertheless, on Wednesday I will be giving a presentation at American Family Insurance’s DreamBank on “Top Five LinkedIn ® Mistakes.” Not 25, but 5. It’s not easy to choose the top five, but I managed to do it. Not only that, but I even narrowed it down to three general categories. I call this my “Magic LinkedIn ® Formula” and even if you’re unable to attend my presentation live on Wednesday, you can benefit from the formula. Success on LinkedIn ® comes down to what I have dubbed the “3 Ls” (not to be confused with the class of students in their third year of law school): Locatability Likeability ALiveness 1. Locatability If no one finds you on LinkedIn ®, there’s not much point in having a profile. Unless you are in a rare situation where you prefer not to appear in LinkedIn ® searches, easy locatability means you will get in front of the people searching for someone like you. For job seekers and business owners, being found by a target audience is one big key to success. Increasing your locatability entails two main actions: 1) putting the right keywords in the right places, and 2) growing your network aggressively and appropriately to at least 500 connections. A combination of well-placed keywords and a robust network is a winning LinkedIn ® strategy. 2. Likeability Just because someone finds you on LinkedIn ® doesn’t mean that person will contact you. If your profile is sloppy, incomplete, unfocused, or off target, you will probably be skipped over for someone with a better presentation. If, however, people like what they see, they will be more likely to request a connection or conversation. Likeability means sounding like a human being and not a robot; listing accomplishments without bragging; having an attractive photo and format; and putting your personality onto the page. The more you distinguish yourself as unique, the more you will encourage valuable interaction. 3. ALiveness I like to say that having a LinkedIn ® profile is like having a gym membership. You only get value from it if you do the work! Sitting on your butt will not get you 6-pack abs … or a new client or job through LinkedIn ®. Aliveness on LinkedIn ® includes but is not limited to updating your profile, participating in groups, sharing valuable information, engaging in discussions, and taking relationships off line to the phone or even a coffee shop! That’s my Magic LinkedIn ® Formula: Locatability, Likeability and ALiveness! Are you using it? If you already are doing everything listed above, greatâ€"you are a power LinkedIn ® user. In that case, I recommend that you dive more deeply into How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile for the fine points that will bring your LinkedIn ® success up even another level. I’ll have time for QA at my DreamBank presentation on Wednesday, and you get to participate too. What burning questions can I answer about my Magic LinkedIn ® Formula and your LinkedIn ® profile challenges?

Essay on Joe Hisaishi (Mamoru Fujisawa) - 1067 Words

Biography Joe Hisaishi was born on December 6, 1950 in Nagano, Japan under the name Mamoru Fujisawa. His musical training started early on, when he began to take violin lessons at age five. It was around this time that he first discovered his passion for music. Fujisawa truly began to explore this passion in the 70’s, during which, a cultural menagerie of Japanese popular music, new-age, and early electronic music flourished. Inevitably, those genres influenced Fujisawas early compositions. (Wikipedia) Fujisawa was highly influenced by the new-wave of Japanese electronica such as the Yellow Magic Orchestra and Ryuichi Sakamoto group. It was not until 1975, that he made his first public performance, and it is not until a decade later that†¦show more content†¦(Team Ghiblink, Nausicaa.net) Afterwards, the pair would go on to produce eight more films together. (Wondercity Inc. , 2011) 2008 marked an important year for Hisaishi. In honor of his work, a concert event was produced at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo to celebrate the anniversary of 25 years of collaboration. (Dasnoy Tsong, 2013) The concert featured performances of Hisaishi’s signature Miyazaki film score compositions. Approximately 1,200 musicians and singers participated in the performance, including the 200-member New Japan Philharmonic World Dream Orchestra, 6 featured vocalists, the combined 800 members of the Ippan Koubo, Ritsuyuukai and Little Singers of Tokyo choirs, and a 160-piece marching band. Joe Hisaishi, who by this time has become an important icon to Asian music, conducted the performance from his piano as a giant screen backed the entire performance, streaming projections of correlating clips from Miyazakis films along with the music. (Team Ghiblink, GhibliWiki) In 2010, Hisaishi returned to his roots, becoming a professor at the Kunitachi College of Music to fulfill an endeavor to teach younger generations about music composition, passing on his legacy, all the while continuing his career as a composer, arranger, pianist, and conductor. (Dasnoy Tsong, 2013) Over the course of his career, spanning more than 30 years, Joe Hisaishi built a solid global fan-base, including an enthusiastic multi-generational following in China.

New Imperialism Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 559 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Imperialism Essay Did you like this example? The New Imperialism was a spread of colonial expansion by European powers. However, it gained its powers from economic, political, religious, and re. The New Imperialism colonized in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It also had an effect on Western colonization for native people. In the New Imperialism European affairs grew tense and many countries wanted to expand their territory for political and economic powers. As the European power grown, competition was steady increasing and this provide more natural resources. As a result this led to countries needing more natural resources for the economy. The New imperialism controlled people lands too. The New Imperialism gained its power from military, economic, and humanitarian reasons. The economy countries spent there money on natural resources for there country and the new imperialism caused crucial acting military leaders. Lastly, humanitarian was the cause of many believing in the colonization against other countries. To illustrate, the new imperialism had many reasoning towards colonization and wanting to expand there land to other countries natural resources. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "New Imperialism Essay" essay for you Create order In the New Imperialism it caused Africa to have shortages of natural resources and an increase of wars. Three effects Africa encountered because of the New Imperialism lead countries to shortages of natural resources, and increase of wars. The New Imperialism exported raw materials like diamonds and gold, but the mining caused a lack of resources for Africa which had affected the economy. As a result, to this diseases killed many people in Africa so this caused an uprising and civil wars struck out. Factors that lead to Europeans colonization in Africa were economic and military reasons. The New Imperialism required economic material resources in Africa. They also thought military was caused from the flow of goods and migrants and the Europeans military was very strong. Furthermore, resources, military and economic causes were a huge part of the new imperialism in Africa. In the New Imperialism trade was a huge part of colonization. The Imperialism of Southeast Asia was influenced by the excessive trade between countries. Many countries wanted to provide more of their trade, to colonize Southeast Asia which made trading safer. As a result, to this countries wanted Southeast Asia to let them as in other countries use their ports while colonizing other countries. Nationalism was a big part of colonization in Southeast Asia. By reason of, nationalism was an cultural and religious movement. The cultural and religious movements were for western colonization towards Southeast Asia. In addition, Southeast Asia had many motives towards colonization. In the New Imperialism Latin America was seeking economic and political powers over all countries. The economic and political intervention of Europe had major influences on Latin America culture as well. May be true, Latin America needed to keep natural resources than turning them in products. Latin America wanted their country to have natural resources to have a good country and economy. Colonization brought an quick spread and influence of people into the land. As a result, Latin America was mining nations and this called most countries independent. In addition, after Latin America gained independence they started to receive little natural resources. To conclude, the New Imperialism had many effects on Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America with expanding land, shortages in natural resources, increasing in wars, and seeking political and economic powers which was an huge problem for all the countries.

The End of Argumentative Essay Topics about Prisons

The End of Argumentative Essay Topics about Prisons The Benefits of Argumentative Essay Topics about Prisons Conclusion To compose a fantastic conclusion isn't as simple as you could think. Cell phone use and texting allow it to be hard to concentrate. No warrant ought to be needed for search and seizures. Does a superb lawyer has an effect on the results of a murder trial in the united states. On the flip side, the proponents of the personal prisons argue that they're effective, efficient and cost-saving. Polygamy ought to be banned. Some prisons permit inmates to gain from educational programs to obtain their high school diplomas or receive vocational training. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Argumentative Essay Topics about Prisons Is Wrong Schools should not have anything to do with ads. Students need to be careful about posting on social networking. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Every student who enters the course linked to the Legal studies is supposed not just to cover a great quantity of weekly reading but in addition regular writing assignments that numerous students find both complex and exhausting. Equality had established a degree of security for many of Americans from the minority groups. Issues with funding, starting such a program, or the proportion of success may be good places to begin a great discussion or essay. Computer games is now a type of addiction instead of only among children Money can purchase everything, even happiness. Facts, in the long run, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. For instance, to write about the impact of video games on child development isn't a fantastic idea if you have not ever played video games yourself. There was no effects of the system past the prison cells. If you can select the matter by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! You've got to guarantee accuracy and dependability of whatever you enter in your paper and the sole means to do so is to understand the topic. The issue of contraception ought to be discussed openly. For instance, Smoking is a terrible habit is a rather vague topic that may require twenty pages of writing as you need only five. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's vital to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. Learn which of the topics, you currently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. Inside my opinion, though it could possibly be tempting to use marijuana to take care of diseases, an individual should admit that its effects aren't fully understood. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. After you own a topic and a list of references, you might want to write down all of the critical points you should include, developing a plan for your justice paper that could be developed into the very first draft simply by describing each point. P.S. Keep in mind it's possible to contact online academic writers to help in topic selection in addition to writing the entire paper from A to Z. Most papers did not use the term in any way. Students are accustomed to the simple fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. The student should investigate a topic, evaluate evidence, collect, generate, and set a standpoint on this issue in a powerful and concise way. To settle on a topic that you aren't interested in or do not care about is an extremely poor idea. You may also pick any latest research work that's a little controversial to allure the readers to compose argumentative essay. There are several interesting and challenging Shakespeare essay topics to pick from. Some will be duplicated due to the character of the topics.

The Narrator of Carlitos Way Essay Example For Students

The Narrator of Carlitos Way Essay This essay aims to analyze the function of the narrator in the 1993 movie, Carlito’s Way, directed by well-respected filmmaker, Brian De Palma. I will focus on how the narrator manipulates the audience due to his impartially interventions with the purpose of establishing a close relationship with them. The first scene of the movie is a good example of an internal narrator, who guides the audience through the plot of the movie through a flashback. However, before moving the viewer to the action, the narrator anticipates the beginning of the outcome of the film, thus giving us enough information to guess what could happen at the end. In this manner, thanks to the narrator, we know important information earlier than other characters so he already attracts us to him. Nevertheless, he does not disclose all the information to maintain suspense. In addition to this, we should also consider the subjectivity of the narrator’s point of view when he is on the stretcher and the camera spins around, which intensifies his personal perspective as a part of the manipulative device. Another interesting scene is that in which Carlito (Al Pacino) escapes from the brawl that has been between his cousin, Rolando and other gangsters. During his flight, the narrator’s voice is activated to tell us the protagonist’s intention of leaving the city and starting another life. This is how we are the first to know his new aim; the narrator is giving us the privilege to manage this information before the other characters know about it. Thereby, even though he just killed several men, we tend to identify ourselves with this character due to the narrator’s hopeful statement of intentions. Two more scenes should be taken into account: one is that in which the narrator tells us how he met his lawyer, David (Sean Penn) and what kind of relationship they have. We have seen David other times on screen but until the narrator does not explain who he is, we ignore his function in the film. The narrator clarifies their friendship since the very beginning to allow the audience to understand Carlito’s loyal position during the film, thus making us feel admiration for him although he eventually â€Å"kills† David. The other important scene belongs to the romantic storyline of the movie. There, Carlito shows his feelings for Gail (Penelope Ann Miller) by means of the narrator’s voice. He makes us his confidants and tells us many more things than he will tell Gail. Therefore, in these two scenes, through the narrator, positive features of Carlito are presented-allegiance and sensitivity-so his dark past is attenuated in order to extoll character’s good aspects rather than bad ones. As a result, this manipulation gets that we empathize with Carlito. To sum up, the protagonist’s role as an internal narrator prevents him from displaying an objective vision of the story. Although his interventions seem random, behind them a system of handling is hidden. That is, the narrator adopts the strategic position of showing his feelings with the aim of winning over the audience and achieving a kind of complicity with us. Consequently, we may think Carlito has good qualities but, actually, he is an antihero.

John\s Letters Essays - Christology, Pneumatology, Triple Deities

John's first letter was written mainly due to the rise of Gnosticism in his day. Gnostics were teaching that knowledge was superior to virtue. They taught there was no resurrection, that only a select few could understand scripture, and that the incarnation of Christ was impossible. John wrote his letter to emphasize that the incarnation was real and out of concern for the spiritual welfare of the church. In the first chapter, John affirms that Jesus was the Son of God and the ?Life.? The evidence of this was that he had seen him, heard him, and handled him. He says that he wrote to them, in order that they might have fellowship with him in the belief of this truth, and might partake of the joy which comes from the doctrine that the Son of God has actually come in the flesh. John?s message is that God is light and that if we say that we have fellowship with him we must walk in the light. John points out that no one can say that they have not sinned; but God is faithful and just to cl eanse us from all unrighteousness if we confess our sins. In chapter two, John shows that we have an advocate with the Father who is Jesus. Jesus is a propitiation for the sins of the whole world. John emphasizes the old and new commandment that we should walk in the light, which is Jesus, and love the brethren. John warns against antichrists, and to continue to the guidance of the Holy Spirit, by which we are able to discern all men, and know all things necessary to our salvation. In the third chapter, John shows us the love of God towards mankind. We who are saved are the sons of God, and for this reason the world does not appreciate us, or understand us. Christ was manifested to take away our sins. The children of God are known by the holiness of their lives, the children of the devil by the sinfulness of theirs. We should love one another; as Christ laid down his life for us, we to should lay down our lives for the brethren. John shows the necessity of keeping the commandment of Christ, so that He may dwell in us and us in Him by His Spirit. In chapter four, John warns that we must not believe every teacher who comes to preach. We are to try the spirits. Those who deny that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh have the spirit of antichrist. Emphasis is again placed on Jesus being the Son of God as testified by the apostles. The apostles testified that God sent His Son to be the Savior of the world; and God dwelt in those who confessed this truth. John closes his letter by presenting more evidence that Jesus is the Son of God. The witness of the Spirit, the record borne in heaven, the evidence borne on earth, by the Spirit, the water, and the blood, and the fact that whoever believes on the Son of God has the witness in him, are presented as evidence. John concludes by saying all this was written so we might know that we have eternal life, and might believe on the name of the Savior.

Jet Blue

Jet Blue JetBlue Customer ServiceJetBlue Airways is one of the top commercial airlines in the industry. JetBlue was founded in 1999 by David Neeleman. Their sales pitch was to give consumers "leather seats, satellite TV from DIRECTV, satellite radio from XM, and movies" (JetBlue) all for a reasonably low price. JetBlue's main goal was to "bring humanity back to air travel". The airline industry is suffering more than ever when it comes to customer service.JetBlue airways have always been my families choose of airline. Not because they were the best in the industry but because they provided a quality service for an affordable cost. We traveled often and my parents trusted the airline enough to send me and my sister on their flights alone. Our experience with customer service has been nothing to brag about. To name a few situations: they changed our flight information last minute without sending us the updated information, they lost our baggage twice, and the finally situation was when the atte ndant that was supposed to accompany me and my sister through security and to board our flight was late to work that day so we missed our flight and we had to board another flight 3 hours later.One of the main issues for JetBlue customers are the over-exaggerated bag fees that add to vacation costs. According to the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) "passengers that pay to checked bags are 10 points less satisfied than those who don't." (Aluise). Although this is one of the most successful ways airlines generate revenue it is destroying customer relations and giving them a bad reputation. JetBlue wanted to distinguish them from the rest penny grubbing airline carriers without disappointing investors so they came up with the "First bag checked free program". Other than Southwest airlines who allow...

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 4

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections betwee - Essay Example Value added concept of income measurement has been viewed as the increase in the wealth of an economic body. It is traditionally rooted to the evaluation of national income in macro economics, measured by national economy productive performance.2 This concept is referred to as National or Domestic product and represents a specific period’s national economy. This is a common use of this concept but it has also been applied in many other different areas of business operations and economics as a positive performance and economic gauge. This makes value added a measure and indicator of an economic entity’s performance and has a fairly long period of application in the field of economics.3 Value added represents a calculated value, and for this reason, it is well related to accounting. It is also contrasted from the traditional calculation of income in that, it can be and has been used in all the three accounting systems i.e. managerial accounting, financial accounting and t he national accounting system. It is also distinguishable from income computation whereby value added is constantly described internationally as a difference of expenses from revenues. It can be defined in two ways that will be discussed below and this gives value added concept another critical characteristic commonly known as the dichotomy of value added.4 Subtractive method is the first method of calculating the value added and it is defined as: Value Added (VA) = O – I. Where O = Output; I = Input. This means that when being compared to accounting income, it is perceived as the net figure. The value expressed is the value that an economic body, such as a person, an industry or a company adds to the products and services it purchased or received from other entities during its creative or own productive economic activities.5 In the second one, additive method, the value added is represented by the total sum of the distributed parts that constitute the created wealth. This is done with respect to the reality that all the created wealth is well distributed i.e. by being allocated in some way. When considering a company, value added calculation is defined as: VA (Value Added) = RE + RG + RCP + NAP. Where RE = Remuneration of employees; RG = Remuneration of government; RCP = Remuneration of capital providers; NAP = not appropriated income i.e. retained earnings.6 The two formulas above disclose the characteristic content that value added concept has. This concept can be divided into social aspect, represented by the additive method, and performance aspect which is articulated by the subtractive method. This shows that in addition to economic information given by this concept, value added also offers social information through identification of the part of the yield that goes to every contributor of the whole process in a company.7 Value added concept has evolved besides its historical principal function in national accounting to several other uses and appl ications in the three; financial, national and managerial accounting. The two sided feature of value added i.e. performance and social characteristic, is depicted clearly by the concrete and possible applications. Hence it has been argued as a way to estimate productivity of an economic body through their way of using productive factors.8 This makes the

How the Lack of Technical and Financial Means Prevent Sustainability Essay

How the Lack of Technical and Financial Means Prevent Sustainability in Developing Countries - Essay Example Such communications are necessary for international trade and the import and export of goods. Business operations would no longer be limited to the home nation alone, but would open the entire world to what that nation has to offer. Such technological innovations would also broaden the range of stakeholders who have an interest in information and communication developments (Souter, p. 5). When developing countries begin showing continual promise, investors can find wonderful opportunities within that country that convinces them to invest money in that economy. When that money is invested, the economy benefits as well. Such actions tend to persuade others to do the same, which can then add a popular trend to investing in that particular market. The World Trade Order states that commercial interests do not take priority over development. They know that freer trade boosts economic growth and that that economic growth supports development. The debate, on the other hand, is of whether or not developing countries gain any from this particular system, but it isn't true that these countries gain nothing at all. Since developing countries are higher on the priority list, they are allowed more time to apply the high number of provisions of the World Trade Order agreements. Those that are less developed receive special treatment, which means that they don't necessarily have to follow certain provisions (WTO p.1). But there is still a deficiency that exists; otherwise those provisions in place that are required to be followed would be working. Perhaps the provisions need to be reviewed in order to give these countries a boost in the right direction and cause a snowball effect that... This report stresses that there is no doubt that developing countries are on the agendas of the WTO and the International Institute for Sustainable Development. One of the priorities on these agendas is the information and communication technology sector. Developing countries that would be able to achieve success in the information and communication technology sector would be able to achieve communication internationally with other businesses and with consumers to increase income potential. Such communications are necessary for international trade and the import and export of goods. Business operations would no longer be limited to the home nation alone, but would open the entire world to what that nation has to offer. This paper makes a conclusion that there is a technological and financial deficiency when it comes to the advancement of developing countries being behind the rest of the world. Developing countries do have, on the other hand, some processes that are in place, otherwise they wouldn’t be developing. One could honestly say that if these countries did not have some sort of successful processes happening, they would be considered undeveloped and consist of much higher poverty levels than what they currently have. Globalization has opened a world of opportunities for developing countries, but it has also opened a world of opportunities for the developing countries to be taken advantage of.

Nikes Competitive Advantages: Strategies in China

Nikes Competitive Advantages: Strategies in China With widely globalization movement, managers in MNCs have to be continually involved into the challenges that mainly include competitive and collaborative challenge. Facing the challenges, Nike has always been a leading sports product organization. Thus, it is meaningful to analyze Nikes global success which will benefit from obtaining relevant international management issues. The aim of this project is to reveal Nikes competitive advantages in global market and especially focus on company strategies in Chinese market. In order to achieve practical guidance, some theoretical tools will be adopted. The project will firstly introduce a literature review which provides the underpinning and explanation of these analysis tools. In the following, Nike company analysis will be discussed into four aspects. The first aspect will examine the national business environment of Nike in the USA by using Porters diamond. In the second and third section, Bartlett and Ghoshals theory will be used to analyze both the competitive challenge and the collaborative challenge of Nike in China. Hofstede culture dimensions will be adopted to analyze the cultural challenge Nike is confronted. Finally, it comes to the conclusion. 1.2 Company overview Through an investment of $500 each by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman, the company (then called Blue Ribbon SportsBLS) was founded in 1964. It has evolved from an importer and distributor of running shoes to the world biggest leader of athletic footwear. Our business model today is basically the same as our model in 1964.It is that we invest our money in design, development, marketing and sales and then contract with other companies to manufacture our products. Knight developed Nikes business model when he was attending Stanford Business School in the early 1960s.He realized that most leading footwear companies were still producing their own shoes in higher-cost countries like the United States and Germany while he US consumer appliance and electronic markets, were starting to be taken over by lower-cost, high-quality Japanese producers. Knight believed that Blue Ribbon Sports could sell in a lower price by distributing its production to Japanese producers to break into this market. So Blue Ribbon Sports began to import high-tech sports shoes from Onitsuka Tiger of Japan. BLS began to have its own branches of shoes, as sales increased to almost $2 million in the early 1970s. The company officially changed its name to Nike, Inc. in 1978.At the beginning time Nike developed a strong working relationship with two Japanese shoe manufacturers, Nippon Rubber and Nihon-Koyo, but as a combination of a tighter labor market, the impact of the first Oil. Crisis on Japans economy, and a shift in the dollar/yen exchange rate in the 1970s, Nike began to search for other producers. Nike established its ow n shoe factories in Maine and New Hampshire to develop a reliable and high-quality production to supply its growing domestic market during these same years. The company also began to contact potential suppliers in Korea, Thailand, China and Taiwan. As costs continued to increase in both Japan and the United States, by the early 1980s, and the Korean government created many incentives to develop Koreas footwear industry, Nike closed its US factories and sourced almost all of its production from Asia. In 1982, 86% of Nikes athletic footwear came from Korea and Taiwan. However, costs also began to increase in the two countries. Nike had to urge its suppliers to re-locate search for other owner-cost countries to relocate their operations. Then the company opened up their factories in Indonesia, China and Vietnam. Nike was able to help its lead vendors establish an extensive network of footwear factories throughout Southeast Asia by guaranteeing a number of important orders and by placing Nike employees at these new factories. At the present, Nikes products are manufactured in more than 700 factories, employing over 500,000 workers in 51 countries of which only 22658 are directs employees, the majority working in the United States. Over the years, Nike has broadened its product range. Whereas in 1980, Nike sold 175 different styles of shoes, it offered many different styles in its spring collection. The company has also focused on apparel and sports equipment and expanded its sales to Europe, Latin America and Asia. Last year, Nike made about $9.5 billion in revenues, of which 59% came from footwear sales and 29% from apparel. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Porters national competitive advantage Michael Porter (1990) meticulously introduced a model that intended to answer the questions, why do some nations succeed and others fail in international competition? and â€Å"why some industries within nations are more competitive than others are† in his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Porter (1990) states that the sources of competitive advantage can be found in the â€Å"national diamond,† comprising four major economic attributes: factors conditions, demand conditions, supporting industries and firm strategy and structure. Porter believed that the four elements have bilateral impacts, forming a diamond system. Besides, there are two variables: the Government role and opportunities. The opportunity is beyond control, and the impact of government policies can not be ignored. All the determinants comprise a diagram as follow. Factor conditions Factor conditions can be categorized into two forms: â€Å"Home-Grown† resources and highly specialized resources. The first one referred to the original resources from one nation. And the latter one pointed out that a country creates its own important factors such as skilled resources and technological base. In the actual competition, Porter (1990) stated that sufficient in natural resources or low cost factors often result in inefficient allocation of resources. By contraries, local insufficient in factors of production could lead to innovation. Also, resource constraints may encourage development of substitute capabilities. For example, Japans relative lack of raw materials has stimulated miniaturization and zero-defect manufacturing (Grant, 1991). Demand conditions According to Porter (1990), demand conditions in the domestic market provide the primary driver of growth, innovation and quality improvement. A strong domestic market could be seen as stimulation to the firm from being a startup to a slightly expanded and bigger organization. For example, the worlds famous automobile companies like Mercedes, BMW, and Porsche in the case of German have dominated the world when it comes to the high-performance segment of the world automobile industry. However, in German, automobiles with a cheaper price in the market have little competitive advantage. The reasons could be attributed to the demand conditions in domestic market. The Germany market traditionally demanded a high level of engineering performance. Also, the transport infrastructure of Germany such as Autobahns does tend to favor high-performance automobiles. Related and supporting industries The third determinant of national advantage is the presence in the nation of related and supporting industries that are internationally competitive. Based on Porters view, when local supporting industries are competitive, related company will enjoy more cost effective and innovative inputs. Secondly, this effect is strengthened when the suppliers themselves are strong global competitors. Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry Inevitably, the strategies and the structure of the firms play a key role to influence the national performance in particular sectors. Also, competition indeed has a great impact on driving innovation and the subsequent up gradation of competitive advantage. Obviously, domestic competition is more direct compared with the impact of foreign competitors. So the stimulus provided by home national competition is higher in terms of innovation and efficiency. As an example, in the Japanese electronic industry, there are many local competitors (Panasonic, Sony, Toshiba, Mitsubishi and so on) providing intense competition in the domestic market, as well as the foreign markets in which they compete. Governments role Despite the impact from Government policies and regulations do not belongs to the major determinant of national advantage, to some extent, they play an important role on influencing the national system. Porter (1990) pointed out â€Å"Governments proper role is as a catalyst and challenger. At first, government can provide a basic environment for industry development, since it could invest on infrastructure development, opening up capital channels, training information integration and so on. Also, governments can create new opportunities and pressures through intervene activity. In addition, governmental sourcing could enlarge product demand. What is most important, the government could ensure that the domestic market is under lively competition, avoiding Trust status. Opportunities Opportunities can not be met rectifiable, and one opportunity could influence the four elements to change. Porter (1990) pointed out that, in terms of the enterprise development, there are several circumstances when chances are brought: the basis of scientific and technological inventions, fault emerging in traditional technologies, a sudden increase the cost of production caused by external factors (such as the oil crisis), financial markets or major changes in the exchange rate, market demand surge, the governments major policy decisions and war. In fact, the opportunity is a two-way. It is quite often that new competitors gain an advantage accompanying with an advantage concession of other competitors. And only when enterprise could continually meet the new needs of manufacturers, â€Å"opportunities† will be developed. Flaws in Porters diamond Although Porters model is widely used, it also has a number of critics. Firstly, Dunning (1993) pointed out that there is nothing new in Porters diamond analysis. Dunning commented that a countrys competitive advantages were under the impact of globalization of production and markets. He also pointed out that value generating assets of a country has been taking the form of created assets like human capital instead of the natural assets like land and untrained labor. Thus, Dunning considered that Porters diamond of national competitive advantages was required to be transnational since widespread globalization of the world economy. Secondly, Rugman and DCrusz (1993) stated that Porters diamond underestimated the importance of foreign investment. This model could not adequately explain the competitive advantages of developing countries which heavily depend on foreign direct investment. (Lee, 1998) And they also commented that this model is incomplete for small economics which are not pa rts of the trial nations and is only applicable to triad nations. Thus, they thought Porter only thought over the exports and outward FDI of domestic industries and further neglected the sales abroad by foreign subsidiaries. Whats more, Bosh and Proijen (1992) stated that Porter paid too much attention on the importance of culture while evaluating the international competitive advantages. Meanwhile, Ball and McCulloch (1999) implied that this models evidence is anecdotal without empirical evidence. And it is an ex-post model and has no predictive powers since the number of variables lead to weaken any predictions, in particular inclusion of chance into the equation. To sum up, Porters diamond still is a useful tool to examine competitive advantages although it has insufficient application. 2.2 Competitive challenge MNEs need to create and sustain competitive advantages to overwhelm the competitive challenges from the global competitors. There are a great many of varied prescriptions about selecting strategies to develop advantages. It is argued that one of the successful strategies is to produce products standardized and sell them throughout the market via the same ways (Levitt 1983). On the contrary, some scholars suggest that, rather than single product, a relatively broader product portfolio with products diversity can enable the share of investment (Hamel and Prahalad 1985). In addition, Porter et al (1982) indicted that, to implement global strategy effectively, it needs a number of approaches including exploiting economics of scale via global volume and managing interdependently to achieve synergies across different activities. Two basic types of competitive advantage which are lower cost and differentiation are suggested by Porter (1990) as well. Porter points out that, to achieve competitive advantage, it is necessary for a firm to provide customers with values more efficiently (low cost) or to create greater values and charge a premium price in a more special way (differentiation) than its rivals. By contrary of the above statements, to build up competitive advantage sustainably, MNEs are suggested to achieve three strategic objectives which are global efficiency, multinational flexibility and worldwide learning (Bartlett et al. 2008). However, it challenges almost all MNEs to achieve all of these objectives at the same time. Efficiency can be considered as the ratio of the value of a firms output to the value of its input while Flexibility means the â€Å"the ability of a company to manage the risks and exploit the opportunities that arise from the volatility of a global environment† (Bartlett et al., 2008, p.200). The last objective refers to the ability of a firm to learn from its exposure and opportunities internationally, and to apply the learning in a global environment. For the purpose of building up global competitive advantage, it is suggested three fundamental tools: â€Å"exploiting differences in sources in sourcing and market potential across countries, exploiting economies of scope and exploiting economies of scale† (Bartlett et al. 2008, p.201). Factors which may lead to competitive advantage are indicated by every goals-means intersection indicates (Bartlett et al., 2008). Table 1 shows the varied goals and means to achieve competitive advantage throughout the world. Table 1: Worldwide Advantage: Goals and Means StrategicObjectives Sources of Competitive Advantage National Differences Scale Economies Scope Economies Achieving efficiency in current operations Benefiting from differences in facto costs-wages and cost of capital Expanding and exploiting potential scale economies in each activity Sharing of investments and costs across markets and business Managing risks through multinational flexibility Managing different kinds of risks arising from market-or policy-induced changes in comparative advantages of different countries Balancing scale with strategic and operational flexibility Portfolio diversification of risks and creation of options and side bets Innovation, teaming, and adaptation Learning from societal differences in organizational and managerial processes and systems Benefiting from experience- cost reduction and innovation Shared learning across organizational components in different products, markets, or businesses Source: Bartlett et al. (2008), p203 There are four strategies which can enable exploiting competitive advantage through different goal-means combinations (Bartlett et al., 2008): Multinational strategy achieves most strategic goals by emphasizing national differences. The firms which have adopted this strategy tend to operate business based on local environment. They are flexible and responsive to local environment, but there is a lack of capability to learn globally within these firms owing to the fact that almost all national units operate independently. Based on the worldwide environment, international companies apply all the approaches to create and exploit innovations. This approach is helpful to strengthen the ability of developing innovations and leveraging knowledge on a worldwide basis; however it is challenged by the problem of deficiencies in both respects of efficiency and flexibility. All the means are applied by MNEs which adopt global strategy to realize global efficiency. However, flexibility and worldwide learning this kind of approach may be negatively influenced by this kind of approach. What is more, high sourcing risks may be resulted from the focus of activities of achieving scale economies. The three traditional strategies discussed above respectively possess unique assumptions about how to build up worldwide competitive advantage. Multinational companies emphasize differentiation, international companies focus on innovations, and global companies concentrate on building the best-cost position. It is indicated that a global industry can be more successful than a multinational one in some industries (Yip 1989). Additionally, Yip (1989) also suggested that a balance between overglobalizing and underglobalizing can be found in most successful strategies. Nevertheless, Bartlett et al. (2008) believed that the best strategy should be consisted of syntheses of all these approaches. It suggests that MNEs should adopt the transnational strategies which â€Å"focus on exploiting each and every goal-means combination to develop layers of competitive advantage by exploiting efficiency, flexibility, and learning simultaneously† (Bartlett et al., 2008). Strategic orientation and configuration of assets and capabilities vary with the four types of companies, which is shown by table 2. Table 2: Strategic Orientation and Configuration of Assets and Capabilities in Multinational, International, Global, and Transnational Companies Multinational International Global Transnational Strategic orientation Building flexibility to respond to national differences through strong, resourceful, and entrepreneurial national operations Exploiting parent-company knowledge, capabilities through worldwide diffusion and adaptation Building cost advantages through centralized, global-scale operations Developing global efficiency flexibility, worldwide learning capability simultaneously Configuration Of assets and capabilities Decentralized and nationally self-sufficient Sources of core competencies centralized, others decentralized Centralized and globally scaled Dispersed, interdependent, and specialized Source: Bartlett et al (2008), p206 2.3 Collaborative challenge A number of organizations tend to cooperate with other parties such as their suppliers, distributors and competitors, when they believe that it is difficult to develop and enhance the global competitive advantages in the increasingly complex global environment (Bartlett et al. 2008). The strategic alliance is viewed as the most important collaborative strategy, which is to set the cooperative relationships between MNEs and their rivals (Bartlett et al. 2008). Bartlett (2008) stated that â€Å"strategic alliances had become central components of most MNE strategies† The strategic alliances is divided into two categories namely scale alliances and link alliances (Daniels et al., 2007). Moreover, Griffin and Pustay (2005) identified two broad types of the strategic alliance, which includes the comprehensive and functional alliance. The latter one includes production alliance, marketing alliances, financial alliances and RD alliances. The alliances assist of some types such as cooperation agreement, franchising and joint venture (Bartlett et al., 2008). There are some differences between the traditional joint venture and the new forms of strategic alliances. The traditional form seems to be used for a senior multinational firm in an industrialized country and a junior local partner in a less-developed or less-industrialized country. The new strategic alliances tend to serve the organization in industrialized countries. At the same time, the modern alliances concentrate on the development and innovation of new products and technologies rather than t he distribution of existing ones. What is more, the present-day strategic alliances seem not to survive for a long time to contribute for the companies. There are some main reasons that the companies need to set the collaborative arrangement. Daniels et al. (2007) identified two groups of motivations. In the first place, the companies need to consider the general reasons, which involve spread and reduce costs, specialize in competencies, avoid or counter competition, secure vertical and horizontal links, and learn from other companies. The second one is the specific reasons, including gain location-specific assets, overcome legal constraints, diversify geographically, and minimize exposure in risky environments. However, Bartlett et al. (2008) outlined that there are five significant motivated issues to support the building of strategic alliances: technology exchange, global competition, industry convergence, economies of scale and reduction of risk, and alliances as an alternative to merger. Bartlett et al. (2008) also identified the risks and costs of collaboration. The collaborative alliances could create the opportunities for one or both cooperators to enhance the competitive advantages better than other, and there is the risk that â€Å"collaborating with a competitor might be a precursor to a takeover by one of the final† (Bartlett et al. 2008). Therefore, the organizations need to have the capability to manage the cooperated relationship in order to reduce the collaborative risks. There are three dominating challenges namely managing the boundary, managing knowledge flows, and providing strategic directions. However, there are some principles set to estimate which companies benefit most from competitive collaborations. These principles include as: collaboration is competition in a different form; harmony is not the most important measure of success; cooperation has limits; learning from partners is paramount. 2.4 Cultural challenge Understanding culture differences and diversifications is vital for MNCs managers in international business and foreign affairs. In this context, the major task for MNCs is to adapt different culture in different countries effectively and efficiently. 2.4.1 Hofstedes cultural dimensions Hofstede (1980) created five dimensions to distinct countries with their respective culture backgrounds, which are Individualism-Collectivism, Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity-Femininity and Long term-Short term orientation. Power distance Power distance is â€Å"the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power distributed unequally (Hofstede and Bond, 1984).† Leaders from high power distance countries, for example, Belgium and France, are more likely to enquire the low-level employees to obey their orders blindly. What the subordinates think or achieve for the company is not important. So the authoritarian and paternalistic leadership style could be accepted in these countries. On the contrary, low power distance countries for instance, the US and UK, leaders from these countries should be resourceful democrat. And subordinates expect to be consulted and their advices to be taken seriously. They also consider hierarchy in organizations as exploitation (Yates, 2008). Therefore in these countries participative leadership style could be useful. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance is â€Å"the extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid this (Hofstede, 1980). In high uncertainty avoidance countries, such as Belgium and Japan, leaders generally do not like uncertainties. They trust on experts and their knowledge, institute many rules to fulfill the high need for security and nearly have no tolerant for deviant ideas (Hodgetts, 2006). Thus, authoritarian and paternalistic leadership style could work in these countries. Conversely, in low uncertainty avoidance countries such as The United States and The United Kingdom, leaders are more of risk takers. Fewer rules are set in the organizations and deviant ideas are to some extent welcomed by the leaders. Therefore, participative leadership style could be popular in these countries. Masculinity Masculinity is defined by Hofstede (1980) to describe â€Å"a situation in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things.† The other side versus the masculinity is femininity which is also defined by Hofstede (1980) as, â€Å"a situation in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and the quality of life.† Japan has a highly masculinity orientation. (Hodgetts et al, 2006). Leaders with this kind of cultural background are expected to be decisive, firm, assertive, aggressive and competitive culture heroes. Few of them are female. On the contrary, Russia and most of the socialist nations scores low for this dimension, such as China and France (Brandley, 1999). To support the needs of the workers and their families is the most important role of the manager with in these countries. They are employees like others. Individualism Individualism is â€Å"the tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family only†. (Hodgetts et al, 2006) The opposite side versus individualism is collectivism which is â€Å"the tendency of people to belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty (Hodgetts et al, 2006). Most high individualism countries are wealthy countries with high GNP. However, Japan is an exception, Leaders from collectivism countries pays more attention on work in a union. Japan is a typical collective country. For example, the president of Sony Corporation, Akio Morita once said his firm likes a ship; each employee shares the same fate. All staff would suffer if one went wrong (Lee, 1982). In the contrast, individualism focuses on individuals. As an example, the USA leaders usually appraise the performance of the substance individually, because it was found by Earleys study (1989) that, American performed well when they are told their achievement would be measured individually. Long-term orientation Leaders from LTO countries are persistent, ordering relationships by status and observing this order, thrift and having a sense of shame. In the contrast, STO countries leaders are with personal steadiness and stability and reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts (Hofstede, 1991). Therefore, authoritarian and paternalistic leadership style could increase the efficiency of management in the LTO countries. On the contrast Participative leadership style could be efficacious in STO countries. In the background of global economics, multinational enterprises are growing rapidly. It has become a common phenomenon that a manager enter into a new countries to lead a group of people with diverse cultural background. Nike is one typical MNC among them. In the following parts, this essay will use the Nike case as an example which manifests that different countries with their respective culture backgrounds require different leadership styles. 2.4.3 Criticism Hofstede derived his data from questionnaires that were distributed among employees of IBM. However, this theory may hide certain dimensions, or values may be wrongly derived because of certain situational influences on the respondents. As a result, Hofstedes research has been criticized by other theorists. Firstly, Tayeb (1996) pointed out that this research was based on attitude-survey questionnaire which could not effectively reflect underlying values of culture. Secondly, IBM as the only sample is not representative. (Robinson, 1983) This is because IBM mainly is comprised of middle-class employees and it has a powerful US-derived organization culture, namely, the respondents may not reflect local national cultures. Thirdly, Hofstede and his associates come from Europe and America and may have cultural bias. (Roberts and Boyacigiller, 1984) Fourthly, Mead (1994) stated that Hofstedes research has been outdated whose research was conducted between 1967 and 1973. Young people have being influenced deeply by the development of globalization and they tend to share a common set of values recently. Generally speaking, despite Hofstedes model has many limitations, it is still a simple and easily comprehensible model to research nations cultural differences. 3 Company analysis 3.1 Sports products Industry relate to American National Diamond 3.1.1 Factor Conditions From the factor conditions view, there is a good home base for sports products companies in US. Firstly,

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The position of thrust sheets around the margins of landslide toe blocks, and their morphology and direction of thrusting, suggests that they were formed as a result of toe block pressing and movement in the surrounding sand. Toe-thrust sheets therefore can be considered as the morphological expression of ongoing instability at the landslide toe. The upthrust nature of these sheets at West Runton suggests that rotation of toe blocks, generating forward movement of the surrounding loose beach sand, is the principal process of toe-thrust sheet formation (fig. 6). Passive pressing of toe blocks into the surrounding sand under gravity is unlikely to result in either brittle failure of the sand or differential movement of the sand away from the toe blocks (i.e., different thrust sheet widths). The presence of thrust sheets therefore suggests that landslide blocks are actively excavating into the softer and unconsolidated beach sand that is displaced outward as a result of this process. The size and extent of the thrust sheets can be used as a proxy for the scale, rate, and timing of block movement. For example, the bigger landslide blocks are associated with more extensive thrust sheets, and sheet width is likely associated with excavation depth. The presence of multiple and overlapping thrust sheets that vary in extent along the front of landslide blocks (figs. 4, 5) also suggests that different parts of the toe are active at different times and therefore that sliding rates and volumes averaged across the entire landslide (Waltham and Dixon 2000) likely conceal wide spatial and temporal variations. [Graphic omitted] The presence of delicate toe-thrust sheets within the intertidal zone at West Runton is of interest because these features are easily destroyed by waves and will be wiped out by every high tide. Figure 6 is a schematic cartoon illustrating a possible formation mechanism for these features. During high tides, the elevated position of the external water plane (mean high water level) against the landslide toe means that there is a small difference in head, and low hydraulic potential gradient, between the landslide toe and its external environment (fig. 6a). The depth of marine water also likely increases interstitial pore water pressure both within the submerged beach sand and within the fine-grained landslide sediments and influences effective pressure (cf. Dixon and Bromhead 2002). Elevated external water pressure at high tide helps to hold back toe advance (Hutchinson 1988). At low tide, when the ground water table is located within the beach sand and is under lower (atmospheric) interstitial pore water pressure, a large difference in head and therefore steepened hydraulic potential gradient exists between the landslide toe and the external environment (sea level) (fig. 6b). Under these conditions, sliding and the formation of relationships :: essays research papers The position of thrust sheets around the margins of landslide toe blocks, and their morphology and direction of thrusting, suggests that they were formed as a result of toe block pressing and movement in the surrounding sand. Toe-thrust sheets therefore can be considered as the morphological expression of ongoing instability at the landslide toe. The upthrust nature of these sheets at West Runton suggests that rotation of toe blocks, generating forward movement of the surrounding loose beach sand, is the principal process of toe-thrust sheet formation (fig. 6). Passive pressing of toe blocks into the surrounding sand under gravity is unlikely to result in either brittle failure of the sand or differential movement of the sand away from the toe blocks (i.e., different thrust sheet widths). The presence of thrust sheets therefore suggests that landslide blocks are actively excavating into the softer and unconsolidated beach sand that is displaced outward as a result of this process. The size and extent of the thrust sheets can be used as a proxy for the scale, rate, and timing of block movement. For example, the bigger landslide blocks are associated with more extensive thrust sheets, and sheet width is likely associated with excavation depth. The presence of multiple and overlapping thrust sheets that vary in extent along the front of landslide blocks (figs. 4, 5) also suggests that different parts of the toe are active at different times and therefore that sliding rates and volumes averaged across the entire landslide (Waltham and Dixon 2000) likely conceal wide spatial and temporal variations. [Graphic omitted] The presence of delicate toe-thrust sheets within the intertidal zone at West Runton is of interest because these features are easily destroyed by waves and will be wiped out by every high tide. Figure 6 is a schematic cartoon illustrating a possible formation mechanism for these features. During high tides, the elevated position of the external water plane (mean high water level) against the landslide toe means that there is a small difference in head, and low hydraulic potential gradient, between the landslide toe and its external environment (fig. 6a). The depth of marine water also likely increases interstitial pore water pressure both within the submerged beach sand and within the fine-grained landslide sediments and influences effective pressure (cf. Dixon and Bromhead 2002). Elevated external water pressure at high tide helps to hold back toe advance (Hutchinson 1988). At low tide, when the ground water table is located within the beach sand and is under lower (atmospheric) interstitial pore water pressure, a large difference in head and therefore steepened hydraulic potential gradient exists between the landslide toe and the external environment (sea level) (fig. 6b). Under these conditions, sliding and the formation of

Comparing and Contrast curriculum models

Comparing and Contrast curriculum models In early childhood education, we model our programs after highly respected models such as, Montessori, High Scope, and Reggie Emilia, Creative Curriculum, etc. We all have our own approaches to education. In the following paragraphs I will summarize two curriculum models, compare and contrast two of the curriculum models and compare the one that best matches my own educational philosophy.High/Scope curriculum is based on Piaget's concept that children are asctive learners who construct their knowledge base through playing and experimenting ith hands-on materials (Segal, Bardige, Wolka, ; Leinfelder, 2006). This curriculum framework describes educational ideas and strategies but does not rely on a specific set of materials.The five basic principles that form the framework of the Hlgh/Scope Curriculum are active learning, supportive adult-child interactions, a materials-rich learning environment, a consistent daily routine, and ongoing child ass essment. The Hlgh/Scope educational programming Includes the following elements: a core curriculum that includes specific elements but encourages following children's nterests, a three-phase â€Å"plan-do-review† learning cycle, and assessment tools and strategies (Follarl, 2007).

A New Science Of Genetic Engineering Essay - 1130 Words

After years of work, Dr. Smith, has successfully edited the human genome. Shortly after, he began to marvel at the possibilities he unlocked, but also begged the question of the possible consequences he created from this achievement which would affect the impending future. He worried as to how the public would react to his life work. The growing potential of gene editing is sweeping the US, filled with both overwhelming hope as well as fear. This is a bridge which must be crossed to achieve trust within the biomedical community. To ensure the people this can bring great change without the unethical byproducts which could come with gene editing. Much of the American public is divided with the relatively new science of genetic engineering due to concerning ethical issues, but would benefit in many ways from its implementation into society. Genetic engineering started with an idea picked up by the US government in the mid-80s, it is now the planet’s largest collective biological project. 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